| Re: port elbow
The tuning is worked out purely on length (with any adjustment for flares)
Any turn in a port has the potential to cause turbulence. This will depend on airspeed and minimum radius of the turn. See the "port airspeed" thread for more info on airspeed.
An AES paper suggests that the minimum turn radius be at least 20% of the port diameter. In practice, you are limited to what's available from the plumbing section of your hardware store.
Sometimes you will find elbows where the inside of the turn is a sharp 90 degrees. In that case it is worth going to an actual plumbers supplier to see if they have a smoother elbow.
If you're forced to use the sharp type, do at least sand off the sharp edge.
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