The volume required is dependent on the specific sub. The IXL-18 requires less volume then other 18 inch subs. 12.5 cu.ft works well for a IXL-18 but you can increase the volume if you wish since you do have the room to do so. It's entirely up to you, but why limit yourself to one 18 or two 15's when you have the budget and box volume necessary for two 18's that would be far superior in low end output especially since you like it loud in a 12'w x 23'd room. The IXL-18 is out of stock at the moment but should be available shortly. The IXL-18 is known as the "best bang for the buck", I have a pair myself.
I'll ask Steve to join in here to put your mind at ease. Being nervous is a good thing since it makes you cautious, less chance of mistakes being made.
Port diameter and length correlate to the box volume. Port length controls the tuning frequency. Port diameter controls the air speed.
To give you an idea, click on the link in my signature to see a Database of what subs have been built.